Appendix 5

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Glossary of Terms

Aragonite:
One of two forms of calcium carbonate crystals, the other being calcite.
Chaetae:
Stiff bristles characteristic of annelid worms.
Coelenterates:
Radially symmetrical invertebrate animals including the corals, sea anemones and jellyfishes.
Cephalopods:
Squids, cuttlefish, octopods and their kin.
Ciri:
Erect, mobile, hair-like structures.
Crepuscular:
Pertaining to the periods around dawn and dusk.
Dactylochirotid:
Order of Holothurian (sea cucumber) Contains about 35 species in seven genera and three families. Tentacles are simple or with a few small digits. Respiratory trees are present. All members have a rigid body encased in enlarged flattened ossicles. The body is usually "U" shaped. All members live burrowed in soft sediment. Most live in deep water.
Dendrochirotid:
Order of Holothuria (sea cucumber) in which the oral tentacles are highly branched and extended to filter material from the water column. Respiratory trees are present. The body wall may be hardened from enlarged plate-like ossicles. Live either attached to hard bottoms or burrow in soft sediment. Most species live in shallow water.
Endophytic:
Organisms living within plant tissue.
Epibionts:
Species that live attached to the external surface of other species.
Hermaphrodite:
Having the organs of both sexes.
Foramen 1:
In cheilostome bryozoans, an uncalcified opening in the frontal wall with direct communication from the external environment to the space between the calcified frontal wall and the frontal membrane.
Foramen 2:
Brachiopods often have one valve larger than the other. The larger valve often has a hole called a pedicle foramen towards its posterior end. In life, the pedicle, a fleshy stalk, may emerge through this hole.
Kleptoparasites:
Species that steal prey caught by other species.
Manawhenua:
The Māori people with traditional rights to an area.
Mesopelagic:
Species found in mid-depths in the open ocean.
Meremere:
Māori short fighting weapon.
Mixed layer:
The upper layer of the ocean that is mixed by wind and waves to a uniform temperature.
Neritic:
The neritic zone spans from the low-tide line to the edge of the continental shelf in oceans.
Palps:
Fleshly lobes of tissue used in feeding in polychaete worms.
Precocial:
Able to forage independently when newly hatched.
Semi-precocial:
Partly able to forage independently when newly hatched.
Thalli:
The body of an alga is called the thallus. Algal thalli range from small solitary cells to large, complex multicellular structures.
Trawl warp:
The multi-strand wire cables or cable that connect the trawl net to the fishing vessel.
Valves:
The external calcified shells of a shellfish such as pipi or brachiopods.
Ventral:
The under or belly side of an animal.
Viviporous:
A species whose eggs develop inside the female while the embryo derives nutrition from the mother.